史研究出版英译中山狼传国内首

中山狼传

马中锡

赵简子猎于中山，江山运用历史学、生态学、地理学、气象学、农学、林学等多学科交叉研究方法，虞人导前，采取时间和空间相结合的叙事方式，鹰犬罗后，立足于德意志社会政治变革与自然生态系统变化的相互关系，捷禽莺兽，系统地梳理了自古以来日耳曼人在农业经济发展、城市、工业生产、森林资源保护等方面人类活动与生态环境的一系列互动变迁过程。从研究中不难看出，应弦而倒者，这种互动变迁过程不仅影响了日耳曼人的生活方式、社会演变和历史进程，不可胜数。有狼当道，而且也反映了人类文明与自然协同演进的曲折。该书研究重点为德国工业污染史和战后以来的德国生态文明。此外，人立而啼。简子垂手登车，宗教环境史、森林环境史、纳粹环境史、东德环境史和环保运动史等亦为本研究特色内容。作为国内第一欧洲国别环境史专著，援乌号之弓，该书受到国内学术界的高度关注。社科院《史学研究》杂志社史学研究公众号、云南学西南环境史研究网站等国内权威媒体机构等先后做了成果介绍和相关报道。专家学者认为，挟肃慎之矢，该项研究在开启欧洲环境史研究的同时，一发饮羽，将进一步丰富国内世界环境史研究。作为老牌资本主义和当今世界生态文明国，狼失声而逋。简子怒，驱车逐之，惊尘蔽天，足音鸣雷，十步之外，不辨人马。

AN UNGRATEFUL WOLF

Ma Zhongxi

Zhao Jianzi was hunting in a valley in the state of Zhong- shan. The beaters and guides led the way, while hunting dogs and falcons and their keepers followed in the rear. Nu- merous birds noted for their flight and beasts for their feroci- ty fell victim to the mighty hunter's arrows. A wolf, finding itself in the path of the great hunter, stood up on its hind legs like a man and gave a long howl. Zhao, mounting his chariot and picking up his famous long bow, let fly an arrow, which hit the animal in one of its front legs. Giving a yelp it ran for dear life. Infuriated, Zhao gave chase in his chariot, creating a noise like rumbling thunder and raising such a cloud of dust that one could see nothing beyond ten feet.

时墨者东郭先生将北适中山干仕，策蹇驴，囊图书，夙行失道，望尘惊悸。狼奄至，引首顾曰：“先生岂有志于济物哉？昔毛宝放龟而得渡，随侯救蛇而获珠，龟蛇固弗灵于狼也。今日之事，何不使我得早处囊中，以苟延残喘乎？异时倘得脱颖而出，先生之恩，生死而肉骨也，敢不努力以效龟蛇之诚。”

It happened that Mr.Dongguo, a believer in Mo Zis philosophy of universal love was stumbling through the valley, accompanied by a lame mule loaded with a bag of books, on his way northward to seek some official preferment.When he saw the cloud of dust in the distance and heard the approaching tumult he was much frightened.

The wolf appeared before him. Leaning its head forward, it asked: “Are you not charitably inclined towards all living creatures?"It continued:"In the olden days, Mao Bao,you will recall, liberated a captured turtle and was ultimately ferried across the water by his grateful debtor, while the Marquis of Sui protected a snakefrom harm and received as reward a wonderful pearl. Neither a turtle nor a snake is as in- telligent as a wolf. In my emergency why not conceal me in your bag and save my life? If I should happily escape the present danger I would not fail to follow the example of the turtle and the snake in return for the good turn you do me today in saving my hide."

先生曰：“嘻，私汝狼以犯世卿、忏权贵，祸且不测，敢报乎？然墨之道，兼爱为本，吾终当有以活汝。脱有祸，固所不辞也。”乃出图书，空囊橐，徐徐焉实狼其中，前虞跋胡，后恐疐尾，三纳之而未克。徘徊容与，追者益近。狼请曰：“事急矣！先生果将揖逊救焚溺而鸣鸾避寇盗耶？惟先生速图！”乃跔蹐四足，引绳而束缚之，下首至尾，曲脊掩胡，猥缩蠖屈，蛇盘龟息，以听命先生。先生如其指，内狼于囊，遂括囊口，肩举驴上，引避道左，以待赵人之过。

“Huh,”replied the disciple of Mo Zi, “how foolish of you, a common wolf, to get in the way of a noble hunter, and how am I to expect any reward from you when your very life is in the balance? Nevertheless, as a follower of the philosophy of universal love, it is my bounden duty to save you, come what danger may."

He emptied the bag of its contents, and started to replace them with the wolf. He met with much difficulty with the task, what with the dangling legs and the thick bushy tail. Three times he failed, in spite of his conscientious efforts. The hunters were rapidly approaching and the wolf became highly impatient.

“Sir," he cried, “when one desires to save the drowning from the water or the inmates of a house which has caught fire, one has no time for bowing and scraping, nor does one beat the gong in order to escape from robbers and bandits. Hurry up with your job."

He huddled himself into a heap and assisted as best he could the scholar, who was trying to tie his legs together. He bent his head as far as possible to the tail, which he quickly drooped,adopted the posture of a porcupine, curbed himself like a snail and held his breath like a turtle, so as to facilitate the task. Following the suggestions of the wolf,the scholar finally succeeded in cramming him in the bag, which after having been tied up, was replaced on the back of the mule. Then he waited on one side of the road for the hunters to pass.

已而简子至，求狼弗得，盛怒，拔剑斩辕端示先生，骂曰：“敢讳狼方向者，有如此辕！”先生伏踬就地，匍匐以进，跽而言曰：“鄙人不慧，将有志于世，奔走遐方，自迷正途，又安能发狼踪以指示夫子之鹰犬也。然尝闻之：道以多歧亡羊。夫羊，一童子可制之。如是其驯也，尚以多歧而亡，狼非羊比，而中山之歧，可以亡羊者何限？乃区区循道以求之，不几于守株缘木乎？况田猎，虞人之所事也，君请问诸皮冠。行道之人何罪哉？且鄙人虽愚，独不知夫狼乎？性贪而狠，豺为虐。君有除之，固当跬左足以效微劳，又肯讳之而不言哉？”简子默然，回车就道。先生亦驱驴兼程而进。

Zhao Jianzi soon arrived in his chariot and not seeing any sign of the wolf, was exceedingly wroth. He struck with his mighty sword the pole of his chariot, cutting off the tip, and swore a terrible oath.

“Let this be a warning to anyone attempting to conceal from me the whereabouts of the wolf,"he shouted.

The scholar approached the hunter and fell on his knees:“I am but an ignorant scholar, on my way to a distant place to seek official appointment," he pleaded."I have myself missed the way, still less am I in a position to show the trail of the wolf to Your Honour's dogs and falcons.”

“However,"he continued,"your servant has heard it said that it is easy to lose a sheep on the highway because of the many crossroads. A sheep is a gentle animal which even a little boy can manage, yet a strayed one cannot be found on account of the numerous turnings in the highway. A wolf differs entirely from a sheep, and in this valley there are innumerable bypaths for even a sheep to escape. When you seek for the wolf on the main road, may the action not be compared to climbing a tree to capture the eluding fish, or to waiting behind the tree trunk for a hare to break its neck on it? Moreover, the chase is a profession of the huntsmen: would it not be wiser for you to seek their advice than to threaten a chance wayfarer? I confess that I am ignorant,yet I know well the nature of the wolf. It is a cruel and rapa- cious beast and has for wicked partner the ferocious hyena. If it were within my power I should certainly render you my

feeble assistance, why should I conceal the truth from you?”

The scholar, touching the mule with his whip, also hurriedly resumed his joumey. In a few minutes the hunting party disappeared from view, nor could one hear any sound of it.

良久，羽旄之影渐没，车马之音不闻。狼度简子之去已远，而作声囊中曰：“先生可留意矣。出我囊，解我缚，拔矢我臂，我将逝矣。”先生举手出狼。狼咆哮谓先生曰：“适为虞人逐，其来甚速，幸先生生我。我馁甚。馁不得食，亦终必亡而已。与其饥死道路，为群兽食，毙于虞人，以俎豆于贵家。先生既墨者，摩顶放踵，思一利天下，又何吝一躯啖我，而全微命乎？”遂鼓吻奋爪，以向先生。

The wolf, realizing that there existed no more peril,commenced to stir in the bag. “Sir,” he called out,“please note that you must now free me from the bag,untie the rope from my legs and remove the arrow from my foreleg,otherwise I shall soon die.”

No sooner had the scholar done what was requested of him than the wolf commenced to show its ugly fangs. "When I was pursued by the hunters,"he snarled,“they were hot on my heels and I was grateful to you for delivering me from them. However, I am now terribly hungry, and if my hunger is not satisfied I shall surely die. Now as I look at it, it would be preferable to have been killed by the hunters and made a sacrifice in an aristocratic house, to perishing from hunger at the roadside and being devoured by wild beasts. You, sir, are a faithful follower of Mo Zi, and your guiding principle is to save the world even at the cost ofyour own life. Such being the case, you surely would not mind sacrificing yourself in order to deliver my poor life."

先生仓卒以手搏之，且搏且却，引蔽驴后，便旋而走。狼终不得有加于先生，先生亦极力拒。彼此俱倦，隔驴喘息。先生曰：“狼负我，狼负我！”狼曰：“吾非固欲负汝。天生汝辈，固需吾辈食也。”

Thereupon the wretched beast opened wide its mouth,exposing its sharp and powerful teeth, and stretched its claws to attack Mr. Dongguo, who defended himself the best he could with his bare hands, retreating gradually, so as to place the mule between himself and the wolf. Thus the two circled around the mule, the wolf being unable to seize hold of his prey, until both were breathless and exhausted. They faced each other with the mule between them, trying to recover some strength.

“You are an ungrateful beast," complained the man.“Not at all," retorted the wolf, “it is not that I am un- grateful, but you men were created for us to devour.”

相持既久，日晷渐移。先生窃念：“天色向晚，狼复群至，吾死夫！”因给狼曰：“民俗：事疑必询三老。第行矣，求三问之。敬谓我可食，即食；不可，即已。”狼喜，即与偕行。

The deadlock continued until the sun began to set, and the scholar feared that the fall of night might bring other wolves, making certain his own death.

“According to human custom,"he remarked to the wolf,“when two persons argue over a question without result, they decide by asking the opinion of three elderly ones. Let us follow this procedure as we walk along. If all three of them declare that you are justified in devouring me, I am prepared to submit. If not, then you must let me go."

逾时，道无人行。狼馋甚，望老木僵立路侧，谓先生曰：“可问是老。”先生曰：“草木无知，叩焉何益?”狼曰：“第问之，彼当有言矣。”

The wolf accepted the proposaland the two continued on their way. For quite a while they met no one on the road and the wolf was becoming ravenous. Suddenly he saw an old tree by the side of the road, and he proposed to the scholar to put the question to it.

“Plants have no intelligence," objected the man,“what'sthe use of asking a tree?"

“Just try,"insisted the wolf.“Perhaps you'll get a reply.”

先生不得已，揖老木，具述始末，问曰：“若然，狼当食我邪？”木中轰轰有声，谓先生曰：“我否也。往年老圃种我时，费一核耳。逾年华，再逾年实，三年拱把，十年合抱，至于今二十年矣。老圃食我，老圃之妻子食我，外至宾客，下至奴仆，皆食我；又复鬻实于市，以规利于我。其有功于老圃甚巨。今老矣，不能敛华就实，贾老圃怒，伐我条枚，芟我枝叶，且将售我工师之肆取直焉。噫！樗朽之材，桑榆之景，求免于斧钺之诛而不可得。汝何德于狼，乃觊免乎？是固当食汝。”

The follower of Mo Zi bowed to the tree and gave an ac- count of their dispute, ending by demanding to know if the wolf was entitled to devour him. To his amazement a voice issued from inside the trunk.

“I am,"it said, “an apricot tree. When the famer planted me it cost him just a small kemel. In a year or so I com- menced to put forth buds, after two years to grow small fruit, and at the end of ten years it required the two arms of a man to encircle my trunk. I am now twenty years old. The farmer, his wife and children, as well as friends and servants have eaten greedily the fruit that I produced and sold the kenels for a profit. It is obvious that I have greatly benefited the farmer. After I grew aged, I naturally bloomed and produced less, much to the displeasure of the farmer, who chopped my twigs, sawed off my branches,and is even try- ing to tear away my trunk as wood for which he will receive from the joiner a handsome price. Old and decrepit as I am, I cannot escape death from the axe and the saw. Compared to my fate, in what way is the wolf so indebted to you as to justify your hope in escaping death from him? It seems to me he has every reason to devour you."

言下，狼复鼓吻奋爪，以向先生。先生曰：“狼爽盟矣！矢询三老，今值一杏，何遽见迫邪?”复与偕行。

The wolf, delighted with the verdict given by the apricot tree, commenced once more to attack his deliverer.

“Wait a moment,” expostulated the scholar. "You are violating our agreement, for so far only the apricot tree has given an opinion and we should have that of three parties."

狼愈急，望见老牸曝日败垣中，谓先生曰：“可问是老。”先生曰：“曏者草木无知，谬言害事；今牛，禽兽耳，更何问焉？”狼曰：“第问之。不问，将咥汝！”

They again proceeded on their way, the wolf growing more and more irritated, when they caught sight of an old ox sunning itself behind the crumbling wall of a farmyard. The wolf wanted to obtain its opinion on their disagreement.

“Do as I say, or you die anyway,"was the brutal rejoinder.

先生不得已，揖老牸，再述始末以问。牛皱眉瞪目，舐鼻张口，向先生曰：“老杏之言不谬矣。老牸茧栗少年时，筋力颇健。老农卖一刀以易我，使我贰群牛，事南亩。既壮，群牛日以老惫，凡事我都任之。彼将驰驱，我伏田车，择便途以急奔趋。彼将躬耕，我脱辐衡，走郊垌以辟榛荆。老农视我犹左右手，衣食仰我而给，婚姻仰我而毕，赋税仰我而输，仓庾仰我而实。我亦自谅，可得帷席之敝，如马狗也。往年家储无担石，今麦秋多十斛矣。往年穷居无顾藉，今掉臂行村社矣。往年尘巵罂，涸唇吻，盛酒瓦盆半生未接，今酝黍稷，据樽罍，骄妻妾矣。往年衣短褐，侣木石，手不知揖，心不知学，今持兔园册，戴笠子，腰韦带，衣宽博矣。一丝一粟，皆我力也。顾欺我老弱，逐我郊野，酸风射眸，寒日弔影，瘦骨如山，老泪如雨，涎垂而不可收，足挛而不可举，皮毛俱亡，疮痍未瘥。老农之妻妒且悍，朝夕进说曰：‘牛之一身，无废物也。肉可脯，皮可鞟，骨角可切磋为 器。’指儿曰：‘汝受业庖丁之门有年矣，胡不砺刃于硎以待？’迹是观之，是将不利于我，我不知死所矣。夫我有功，彼无情乃若是，行将蒙祸；汝何德于狼，觊幸色乎？”

The potential victim could do nothing but salute the stolid ox and repeat his story.

Knitting its brow as if in deep thought, rolling its eyes and licking its nose, the ox slowly opened its mouth.

“The apricot tree was right in its assertions,"he declared. "Take my own case: I am now old and shrivelled up and yet I was once young and vigorous. The farmer, my master, sold only a kitchen knife and with the price bought me. When I was young I helped other oxen in ploughing the fields, and when they grew old and feeble and I became stronger, I shouldered all the labour. If my master wanted to go anywhere, it was I that pulled the cart, seeking out the best part of the road so as to travel faster. When he worked alone in the field, and I was released from the yoke, I spent my time in ridding the field of weeds and brambles. I was like the farmer's right hand: he depended on me for his food and clothes. The weddings in the family took place only through my laborious efforts, the taxes were paid with my hard work, and the barn was full due to my contribution. I was easily satisfied —I asked only for a shelter and a place to sleep, like the horse and the dog.”

“Formerly," the ox went on, “the farmer had hardly any rice stored up; now there is a large annual yield. He was as poor as a church mouse; now he struts about proudly in the village. In former days the wine jars were empty and cov- ered with dust, my master suffered from thirst, and during half his life he never had a taste of good liquor. Now he makes different brews, drinks freely, and carries himself as the cock of the walk. He wore the short clothes of a day labourer, his friends and companions were only weeds and stones and he did not know how to bow or read like a gentleman. Now he owns a rabbitwarren, he wears a broad- brimmed straw hat,he boasts of a broad,handsome belt and appears in an elegant gown:in short,every grain of rice and every fibre of cotton have come from me. But he takes ad- vantage of my age and debility, and drives me out into the open field, where the biting wind hurts my tired eyes and the icy rays of the winter sun almost freeze my shadow. My bony structure looks like a bald and bleak mound, my tears fall like the rain, my saliva drips from my mouth in a steady stream, my legs are cramped and cannot be lifted,while not only the hair but my very skin is falling away— skin which is covered with sores and bruises.

But worst of all, my master has a jealous and cruel wife. Every part of an ox has some value,'she murmurs day and night into the ears of my master. ‘The flesh can be eaten as meat, the skin tuned into leather, and the bones employed to make various useful articles.'‘You,'she says, pointing to herson,‘you have leamed your trade at the shop of the butcher. Why donit you sharpen your knife and get yourself ready for the job?’

“From what I have heard, it is evident that something harmful to me is being plotted and I have no notion as to where and when I shall suddenly be slain. I have rendered invaluable services to the farmer and his family,but they are utterly ungrateful, so before long I shall meet with disaster. Compared to my cruel fate, what claim have you on the wolf to expect leniency from his claws and jaws?"

Just as the wolf made another attempt to seize the scholar,

言下，狼又鼓吻奋爪，以向先生。先生曰：“毋欲速。”遥望老子杖藜而来，须眉皓然，衣冠闲雅，盖有道者也。先生且喜且愕，舍狼而前，拜跪啼泣，致辞曰：“乞丈人一言而生。”丈人问故。先生曰：“是狼为虞人所窘，求救于我，我实生之，今反欲我！力求不免，我又当死之。欲少延于片时，誓定是于三老。初逢老杏，强我问之，草木无知，几杀我。次逢老牸，强我问之，禽兽无知，又几杀我。今逢丈人，岂天之未丧期文也。敢乞一言而生。”因顿首杖下，俯伏听命。

the latter perceived an elderly gentleman approaching from a distance, supporting himself with a walking stick. He was neatly dressed, had snow-white hair and eyebrows and was of the philosopher type.

“Please wait a minute,"appealed the poor scholar to his aggressor, feeling somewhat relieved at the sight of the new arrival. He tumed away from the wolf and advanced towards the old gentleman, falling on his knees and commencing to weep.

“Sir," he begged, "say only a word,and you'll save me from a cruel death."

The newcomer demanded an explanation.

The newcomer demanded an explanation.

“This wretched wolf,"repeated the scholar,"was in danger of being killed by hunters,when he supplicated my help. I succeeded in saving his life at my own peril, yet he insists on devouring me. To prolong my life for even a short while. I made him agree to leave the decision of the dispute to three elders. The first was an apricot tree, which, having little common sense, almost caused my death by his stupid reply. The second arbiter was an ox, which, being only a stolid and unintelligent animal, did no better. I am, indeed, fortu- nate in meeting you, sir. Perhaps it is the will of Heaven that I, a scholar, should be spared my life. A word of wisdom from you would be sufficient to save the situation.

Prostrating himself on the ground,he awaited the response of the old gentleman.

丈人闻之，歉歐再三，以杖叩狼曰：“汝误矣！夫人有恩而背之，不详莫焉。儒谓：受人恩而不忍背者，其为子必孝。又谓：虎狼知父子。今汝背恩如是，则并父子亦无矣。”乃厉声曰：“狼速去！不然，将杖杀汝！”

While listening to the story the white-haired gentleman sighed several times. "You wolf," cried he, as he struck the beast with his stick, "you are in the wrong. When one has received a favour and shows himself ungrateful, such behaviour would certainly land him in misfortune. Confucius taught to the contrary. If a man does not forget a good turm done to him, he declared, one can be sure that he will become famous as a filial son. This axiom is true even in the case of tigers and wolves, wild beasts though they are. You seem to be an exception to the rule, so with you the happy relation between father and son is obviously something unknown and nonexistent. Away with you, you ungrateful beast, or i'll kill you with my staff."

狼曰：“丈人知其一，未知其二。请想之，愿丈人垂听。初，先生救我时，束缚我足，闭我囊中，压以诗书，我鞠躬不敢息；又蔓辞以说简子，其意盖将死我于囊，而独窃其利也。是安可不咥？”丈人顾先生曰：“果如是，是羿亦有罪焉。”先生不平，具状其囊狼怜惜之意。狼亦巧辩不已以求胜。丈人曰：“是皆不足以执信也。试再囊之，我观其状果困苦否？”狼欣然从之，信足先生。先生复缚置囊中，肩举驴上，而狼未之知也。

“Venerable sir,”argued the wolf,"you see only one side of the question and not the other. Please listen to me and let me explain. When the scholar tried to save me,he tied my legs and sewed me in his bag. He then thrust his books therein, so that I was terribly cramped and could hardly breathe. Making a long-winded discourse to the hunter,his real intention was to suffocate me in his bag in order to profit himself out of my death.Why should I not kill him?"

The old man glanced at Mr. Dongguo, admitting that if what the wolf complained was true the scholar was perhaps also in the wrong.

The scholar denied the accusation and swore that his entire action was motivated by pity for the wolf. The latter, in its tun, employed much sophistry to establish his case.

‘Neither of you,” the old gentleman finally asserted,“has convinced me with your biasedstatements. Only cir- cumstantial evidence will satisfy me."Turning to the wolf, he added,"Let me judge for myself if you were really,as you claim,uncomfortable in the bag,by getting into it oncemore.”

The wolf willingly accepted the proposal and allowed himself to be bound a second time andpushed into the bag, which the scholar tied as before and lay onto the back of the mule.

丈人附耳谓先生曰：“有匕首否？”先生曰：“有。”于是出匕。丈人目先生，使引匕刺狼。 先生曰：“不害狼乎?”丈人笑曰：“禽兽负恩如是，而犹不忍杀，子固仁者，然恩你甚以救人，解衣以活友，于彼计则得，其如就死地何？先生其此类乎？仁陷于愚，固君子之所不与也。”言已，笑，先生亦笑。遂举手助先生操刃，共殖狼，弃道上而去。

As soon as it was done,the old man whispered to the scholar, asking if he had a knife, and if he did, to plunge it into the wolf.

“Would it not hurt the wolf?" demanded the scholar.

He broke into great laughter, which was joined by the scholar. Then the two of them stuck the knife into the bag and, having killed the wolf and thrown its carcase to the roadside, proceeded each on his way.

标签：赵简子 虞人

IT百科：

三星手机网卡怎么升级 佳能相机换新储存卡怎么办 日本买尼康相机怎么样知乎

网者头条：

经常打狗狗打到尿血怎么回事 宠物店怎么管理两家店的区别 新手追星录视频相机怎么用 圆通为什么没送货上门

王哲博客：csgo服务器获取失败 河南seo软件优点分析